help or ? [CMD]
     Show the help for all commands or just for command CMD.

commit
     Commit changes to the disk images (if -snapshot is used) or backing files. If the backing file is smaller than the snapshot, then the backing file will be resized to be the same size as the snapshot.  If the snapshot is smaller than the backing file, the backing file will not be truncated.  If you want the backing file to match the size of the smaller snapshot, you can safely truncate it yourself once the commit operation successfully completes.

q or quit
     Quit the emulator.

block_resize
     Resize a block image while a guest is running.  Usually requires guest action to see the updated size.  Resize to a lower size is supported, but should be used with extreme caution.  Note that this command only resizes image files, it can not resize block devices like LVM volumes.

block_stream
     Copy data from a backing file into a block device.

block_job_set_speed
     Set maximum speed for a background block operation.

block_job_cancel
     Stop an active background block operation (streaming, mirroring).

block_job_complete
     Manually trigger completion of an active background block operation. For mirroring, this will switch the device to the destination path.

block_job_pause
     Pause an active block streaming operation.

block_job_resume
     Resume a paused block streaming operation.

eject [-f] DEVICE
     Eject a removable medium (use -f to force it).

drive_del DEVICE
     Remove host block device.  The result is that guest generated IO is no longer submitted against the host device underlying the disk.  Once a drive has been deleted, the QEMU Block layer returns -EIO which results in IO errors in the guest for applications that are reading/writing to the device. These errors are always reported to the guest, regardless of the drive's error actions (drive options rerror, werror).

change DEVICE SETTING
     Change the configuration of a device.

     change DISKDEVICE FILENAME [FORMAT [READ-ONLY-MODE]]
          Change the medium for a removable disk device to point to FILENAME. eg

               (qemu) change ide1-cd0 /path/to/some.iso

          FORMAT is optional.

          READ-ONLY-MODE may be used to change the read-only status of the device. It accepts the following values:

          retain
               Retains the current status; this is the default.

          read-only
               Makes the device read-only.

          read-write
               Makes the device writable.

     change vnc DISPLAY,OPTIONS
          Change the configuration of the VNC server. The valid syntax for DISPLAY and OPTIONS are described at sec_invocation. eg

               (qemu) change vnc localhost:1

     change vnc password [PASSWORD]

          Change the password associated with the VNC server. If the new password is not supplied, the monitor will prompt for it to be entered. VNC passwords are only significant up to 8 letters. eg

               (qemu) change vnc password
               Password: ********

screendump FILENAME
     Save screen into PPM image FILENAME.

logfile FILENAME
     Output logs to FILENAME.

trace-event
     changes status of a trace event

trace-file on|off|flush
     Open, close, or flush the trace file.  If no argument is given, the status of the trace file is displayed.

log ITEM1[,...]
     Activate logging of the specified items.

savevm [TAG|ID]
     Create a snapshot of the whole virtual machine. If TAG is provided, it is used as human readable identifier. If there is already a snapshot with the same tag or ID, it is replaced. More info at vm_snapshots.

loadvm TAG|ID
     Set the whole virtual machine to the snapshot identified by the tag TAG or the unique snapshot ID ID.

delvm TAG|ID
     Delete the snapshot identified by TAG or ID.

singlestep [off]
     Run the emulation in single step mode. If called with option off, the emulation returns to normal mode.

stop
     Stop emulation.

c or cont
     Resume emulation.

system_wakeup
     Wakeup guest from suspend.

gdbserver [PORT]
     Start gdbserver session (default PORT=1234)

x/fmt ADDR
     Virtual memory dump starting at ADDR.

xp /FMT ADDR
     Physical memory dump starting at ADDR.

     FMT is a format which tells the command how to format the data. Its syntax is: /{count}{format}{size}

     count
          is the number of items to be dumped.

     format
          can be x (hex), d (signed decimal), u (unsigned decimal), o (octal), c (char) or i (asm instruction).

     size
          can be b (8 bits), h (16 bits), w (32 bits) or g (64 bits). On x86, h or w can be specified with the i format to respectively select 16 or 32 bit code instruction size.

     Examples:

       * Dump 10 instructions at the current instruction pointer:

               (qemu) x/10i $eip
               0x90107063:  ret
               0x90107064:  sti
               0x90107065:  lea    0x0(%esi,1),%esi
               0x90107069:  lea    0x0(%edi,1),%edi
               0x90107070:  ret
               0x90107071:  jmp    0x90107080
               0x90107073:  nop
               0x90107074:  nop
               0x90107075:  nop
               0x90107076:  nop

       * Dump 80 16 bit values at the start of the video memory.

               (qemu) xp/80hx 0xb8000
               0x000b8000: 0x0b50 0x0b6c 0x0b65 0x0b78 0x0b38 0x0b36 0x0b2f 0x0b42
               0x000b8010: 0x0b6f 0x0b63 0x0b68 0x0b73 0x0b20 0x0b56 0x0b47 0x0b41
               0x000b8020: 0x0b42 0x0b69 0x0b6f 0x0b73 0x0b20 0x0b63 0x0b75 0x0b72
               0x000b8030: 0x0b72 0x0b65 0x0b6e 0x0b74 0x0b2d 0x0b63 0x0b76 0x0b73
               0x000b8040: 0x0b20 0x0b30 0x0b35 0x0b20 0x0b4e 0x0b6f 0x0b76 0x0b20
               0x000b8050: 0x0b32 0x0b30 0x0b30 0x0b33 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720
               0x000b8060: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720
               0x000b8070: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720
               0x000b8080: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720
               0x000b8090: 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720 0x0720

gpa2hva ADDR
     Print the host virtual address at which the guest's physical address ADDR is mapped.

gpa2hpa ADDR
     Print the host physical address at which the guest's physical address ADDR is mapped.

p or print/FMT EXPR
     Print expression value. Only the FORMAT part of FMT is used.

i/FMT ADDR [.INDEX]
     Read I/O port.

o/FMT ADDR VAL
     Write to I/O port.

sendkey KEYS
     Send KEYS to the guest. KEYS could be the name of the key or the raw value in hexadecimal format. Use - to press several keys simultaneously. Example:

          sendkey ctrl-alt-f1

     This command is useful to send keys that your graphical user interface intercepts at low level, such as ctrl-alt-f1 in X Window.

system_reset
     Reset the system.

system_powerdown
     Power down the system (if supported).

sum ADDR SIZE
     Compute the checksum of a memory region.

usb_add DEVNAME
     Add the USB device DEVNAME. This command is deprecated, please use device_add instead. For details of available devices see usb_devices

usb_del DEVNAME
     Remove the USB device DEVNAME from the QEMU virtual USB hub. DEVNAME has the syntax bus.addr. Use the monitor command info usb to see the devices you can remove. This command is deprecated, please use device_del instead.

device_add CONFIG
     Add device.

device_del ID
     Remove device ID. ID may be a short ID or a QOM object path.

cpu INDEX
     Set the default CPU.

mouse_move DX DY [DZ]
     Move the active mouse to the specified coordinates DX DY with optional scroll axis DZ.

mouse_button VAL
     Change the active mouse button state VAL (1=L, 2=M, 4=R).

mouse_set INDEX
     Set which mouse device receives events at given INDEX, index can be obtained with

          info mice

wavcapture FILENAME [FREQUENCY [BITS [CHANNELS]]]
     Capture audio into FILENAME. Using sample rate FREQUENCY bits per sample BITS and number of channels CHANNELS.

     Defaults:

       - Sample rate = 44100 Hz - CD quality

       - Bits = 16

       - Number of channels = 2 - Stereo

stopcapture INDEX
     Stop capture with a given INDEX, index can be obtained with

          info capture

memsave ADDR SIZE FILE
     save to disk virtual memory dump starting at ADDR of size SIZE.

pmemsave ADDR SIZE FILE
     save to disk physical memory dump starting at ADDR of size SIZE.

boot_set BOOTDEVICELIST
     Define new values for the boot device list. Those values will override the values specified on the command line through the -boot option.

     The values that can be specified here depend on the machine type, but are the same that can be specified in the -boot command line option.

nmi CPU
     Inject an NMI on the default CPU (x86/s390) or all CPUs (ppc64).

ringbuf_write DEVICE DATA
     Write DATA to ring buffer character device DEVICE. DATA must be a UTF-8 string.

ringbuf_read DEVICE
     Read and print up to SIZE bytes from ring buffer character device DEVICE. Certain non-printable characters are printed \uXXXX, where XXXX is the character code in hexadecimal.  Character \ is printed \\. Bug: can screw up when the buffer contains invalid UTF-8 sequences, NUL characters, after the ring buffer lost data, and when reading stops because the size limit is reached.

migrate [-d] [-b] [-i] URI
     Migrate to URI (using -d to not wait for completion). -b for migration with full copy of disk -i for migration with incremental copy of disk (base image is shared)

migrate_cancel
     Cancel the current VM migration.

migrate_continue STATE
     Continue migration from the paused state STATE

migrate_incoming URI
     Continue an incoming migration using the URI (that has the same syntax as the -incoming option).

migrate_set_cache_size VALUE
     Set cache size to VALUE (in bytes) for xbzrle migrations.

migrate_set_speed VALUE
     Set maximum speed to VALUE (in bytes) for migrations.

migrate_set_downtime SECOND
     Set maximum tolerated downtime (in seconds) for migration.

migrate_set_capability CAPABILITY STATE
     Enable/Disable the usage of a capability CAPABILITY for migration.

migrate_set_parameter PARAMETER VALUE
     Set the parameter PARAMETER for migration.

migrate_start_postcopy
     Switch in-progress migration to postcopy mode. Ignored after the end of migration (or once already in postcopy).

x_colo_lost_heartbeat
     Tell COLO that heartbeat is lost, a failover or takeover is needed.

client_migrate_info PROTOCOL HOSTNAME PORT TLS-PORT CERT-SUBJECT
     Set migration information for remote display.  This makes the server ask the client to automatically reconnect using the new parameters once migration finished successfully.  Only implemented for SPICE.

dump-guest-memory [-p] FILENAME BEGIN LENGTH

dump-guest-memory [-z|-l|-s] FILENAME
     Dump guest memory to PROTOCOL. The file can be processed with crash or gdb. Without -z|-l|-s, the dump format is ELF. -p: do paging to get guest's memory mapping. -z: dump in kdump-compressed format, with zlib compression. -l: dump in kdump-compressed format, with lzo compression. -s: dump in kdump-compressed format, with snappy compression. filename: dump file name. begin: the starting physical address. It's optional, and should be specified together with length. length: the memory size, in bytes. It's optional, and should be specified together with begin.

dump-skeys FILENAME
     Save guest storage keys to a file.

migration_mode MODE
     Enables or disables migration mode.

snapshot_blkdev
     Snapshot device, using snapshot file as target if provided

snapshot_blkdev_internal
     Take an internal snapshot on device if it support

snapshot_delete_blkdev_internal
     Delete an internal snapshot on device if it support

drive_mirror
     Start mirroring a block device's writes to a new destination, using the specified target.

drive_backup
     Start a point-in-time copy of a block device to a specificed target.

drive_add
     Add drive to PCI storage controller.

pcie_aer_inject_error
     Inject PCIe AER error

host_net_add
     Add host VLAN client. Deprecated, please use netdev_add instead.

host_net_remove
     Remove host VLAN client. Deprecated, please use netdev_del instead.

netdev_add
     Add host network device.

netdev_del
     Remove host network device.

object_add
     Create QOM object.

object_del
     Destroy QOM object.

hostfwd_add
     Redirect TCP or UDP connections from host to guest (requires -net user).

hostfwd_remove
     Remove host-to-guest TCP or UDP redirection.

balloon VALUE
     Request VM to change its memory allocation to VALUE (in MB).

set_link NAME [on|off]
     Switch link NAME on (i.e. up) or off (i.e. down).

watchdog_action
     Change watchdog action.

acl_show ACLNAME
     List all the matching rules in the access control list, and the default policy. There are currently two named access control lists, VNC.X509DNAME and VNC.USERNAME matching on the x509 client certificate distinguished name, and SASL username respectively.

acl_policy ACLNAME allow|deny
     Set the default access control list policy, used in the event that none of the explicit rules match. The default policy at startup is always deny.

acl_add ACLNAME MATCH allow|deny [INDEX]
     Add a match rule to the access control list, allowing or denying access. The match will normally be an exact username or x509 distinguished name, but can optionally include wildcard globs. eg *@EXAMPLE.COM to allow all users in the EXAMPLE.COM kerberos realm. The match will normally be appended to the end of the ACL, but can be inserted earlier in the list if the optional INDEX parameter is supplied.

acl_remove ACLNAME MATCH
     Remove the specified match rule from the access control list.

acl_reset ACLNAME
     Remove all matches from the access control list, and set the default policy back to deny.

nbd_server_start HOST:PORT
     Start an NBD server on the given host and/or port.  If the -a option is included, all of the virtual machine's block devices that have an inserted media on them are automatically exported; in this case, the -w option makes the devices writable too.

nbd_server_add DEVICE
     Export a block device through QEMU's NBD server, which must be started beforehand with nbd_server_start.  The -w option makes the exported device writable too.

nbd_server_stop
     Stop the QEMU embedded NBD server.

mce CPU BANK STATUS MCGSTATUS ADDR MISC
     Inject an MCE on the given CPU (x86 only).

getfd FDNAME
     If a file descriptor is passed alongside this command using the SCM_RIGHTS mechanism on unix sockets, it is stored using the name FDNAME for later use by other monitor commands.

closefd FDNAME
     Close the file descriptor previously assigned to FDNAME using the getfd command. This is only needed if the file descriptor was never used by another monitor command.

block_passwd DEVICE PASSWORD
     Set the encrypted device DEVICE password to PASSWORD

     This command is now obsolete and will always return an error since 2.10

block_set_io_throttle DEVICE BPS BPS_RD BPS_WR IOPS IOPS_RD IOPS_WR
     Change I/O throttle limits for a block drive to BPS BPS_RD BPS_WR IOPS IOPS_RD IOPS_WR

set_password [ vnc | spice ] password [ action-if-connected ]
     Change spice/vnc password.  Use zero to make the password stay valid forever.  ACTION-IF-CONNECTED specifies what should happen in case a connection is established: FAIL makes the password change fail.  DISCONNECT changes the password and disconnects the client.  KEEP changes the password and keeps the connection up. KEEP is the default.

expire_password [ vnc | spice ] expire-time
     Specify when a password for spice/vnc becomes invalid. EXPIRE-TIME accepts:

     now
          Invalidate password instantly.

     never
          Password stays valid forever.

     +nsec
          Password stays valid for NSEC seconds starting now.

     nsec
          Password is invalidated at the given time.  NSEC are the seconds passed since 1970, i.e. unix epoch.

chardev-add args
     chardev-add accepts the same parameters as the -chardev command line switch.

chardev-change args
     chardev-change accepts existing chardev ID and then the same arguments as the -chardev command line switch (except for "id").

chardev-remove id
     Removes the chardev ID.

chardev-send-break id
     Send a break on the chardev ID.

qemu-io DEVICE COMMAND
     Executes a qemu-io command on the given block device.

cpu-add ID
     Add CPU with id ID

qom-list [PATH]
     Print QOM properties of object at location PATH

qom-set PATH PROPERTY VALUE
     Set QOM property PROPERTY of object at location PATH to value VALUE